• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    distributed fiber optic sensor, and distributed fiber optic detection method the invention relates to a distributed fiber optic sensor (104,106) with a first spatial resolution (301,303) and a second different spatial resolution (302,304). the sensor, which can be a distributed acoustic sensor, has an optical source (112) configured to interrogate an optical fiber (104) with optical radiation and a detector (116) configured to detect backscattered optical radiation within the fiber. a processor (108) is configured to process the detected backscattered radiation to provide a plurality of longitudinal fiber detection portions. the optical source and the processor are adapted to provide first and second spatial resolutions, for example, changing the duration and / or separation of the optical pulses and analysis boxes. the first and second spatial resolutions can be provided sequentially or simultaneously and the spatial resolution used can be varied as part of an implicit pattern or in response to a detection event.
    公开号:BR112012011225B1
    申请号:R112012011225
    申请日:2010-11-12
    公开日:2020-01-21
    发明作者:John Hill David；Mcewen-King Magnus
    申请人:Optasense Holdings Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DISTRIBUTED FIBER OPTICAL SENSOR, E, DISTRIBUTED FIBER OPTIC DETECTION METHOD [001] The present invention concerns optical fiber distributed detection, and especially optical fiber distributed acoustic detection and the method and apparatus for improving the functionality of sensors fiber optics distributed.
    [002] Several sensors using optical fibers are known.
    Many such sensors are based on fiber optic point sensors or discrete reflection locations such as fiber Bragg networks or the like that are arranged along the length of an optical fiber. The returns of the spot sensors or discrete reflection locations can be analyzed to provide an indication of temperature, deformation and / or vibration in the vicinity of the discrete reflection or sensor locations.
    [003] Such sensors using reflection locations or discrete fiber optical point sensors require that the optical fiber including the sensor portions be specially manufactured. Additionally, the distribution of sensors in the optical fiber is fixed.
    [004] Fully distributed fiber optic sensors are also known, in which the intrinsic dispersion of a continuous length of optical fiber is used. Such sensors allow the use of standard fiber optic cable without deliberately introducing reflection sites such as fiber Bragg networks or the like. Any optical fiber from which a backscattered signal can be detected can be used as part of the sensor. Time-splitting techniques are typically used to split the signal returns into numerous time boxes, with the returns in each time box corresponding to a different portion of the optical fiber. Such optical fiber sensors are referred to as distributed fiber optical sensors, since the sensor options are completely distributed across the entire optical fiber. In the form used in this specification, the terms fiber optic sensor
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 6/34 / 23 distributed will be used meaning a sensor in which the optical fiber itself constitutes the sensor and which is not based on the presence of specific point sensors or deliberately introduced reflection or interference locations, which is an intrinsic fiber optical sensor.
    [005] Various types of distributed fiber optic sensor are known and have been proposed for use in various applications.
    [006] U.S. patent 5,194,847 describes a distributed acoustic fiber optical sensor for intrusion detection. A continuous optical fiber with no specific spot sensors or reflection locations is used. Coherent light is released into the optical fiber and any light that undergoes Rayleigh backscattering within the optical fiber is detected and analyzed. A change in backscattered light in a time box is indicative of an acoustic or pressure wave incident on the relevant portion of the optical fiber. In this way, acoustic disturbances from any portion of the fiber can be detected.
    [007] The GB 2,444,745 patent specification describes a distributed acoustic fiber optical sensor system in which acoustic vibrations are detected by releasing a plurality of pulse-modulated electromagnetic wave groups on a standard optical fiber. The frequency of one pulse within a group differs from the frequency of another pulse in the group. Rayleigh's backscattering of light from intrinsic reflection sites within the fiber is sampled and demodulated in the frequency difference between pulses in a group.
    [008] Optical distributed fiber detection therefore provides suitable and convenient detection solutions that can monitor long lengths of optical fiber with good spatial resolution. For example, a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor, for example, as it can be used to monitor a pipe, can be implemented with detection portions of 10 meters in length in up to 40 km or more of optical fiber.
    [009] It is a goal of the present invention to provide a system of
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 7/34 / 23 optical fiber detection distributed with greater flexibility and / or utility. [0010] Thus, according to the present invention, a distributed optical fiber sensor is provided comprising an optical source configured to interrogate an optical fiber with optical radiation, a detector configured to detect back-scattered optical radiation from within the fiber and a configured processor for processing the backscattered radiation detected to provide a plurality of longitudinal fiber detection portions in which the optical source and the processor are adapted to provide a first spatial resolution and at least a different second spatial resolution.
    [0011] The distributed optical fiber sensor of the present invention transmits optical radiation to an optical detection fiber, detects back-scattered radiation from within the fiber and processes the radiation in order to define and generate measurement signals from each of a plurality of longitudinal detection portions of the fiber, as is conventional in optical distributed fiber detection. Each longitudinal fiber detection portion can therefore be considered a separate sensor or data channel and the optical fiber can effectively be seen as a series of independent sensors (which may or may not be contiguous). However, in embodiments of the present invention, a sensor is provided which has a first spatial resolution and / or a different second spatial resolution. In other words, the size of the longitudinal detection portions of the fiber is configurable in such a way that each fiber detection portion can have both a first length and at least a second length, different from the first. Different embodiments of the invention control the variation in spatial resolution in different ways. Techniques such as temporal variation, adaptive variation in response to a detected event, simultaneous provision of multiple resolutions, for example, wavelength multiplexing are described in more detail below. In conventional optical fiber detection, spatial resolution, that is, the
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 8/34 / 23 basic length of the fiber detection portions, is fixed.
    [0012] The optical source can be arranged to interrogate the optical fiber with one or more pulses of optical radiation. Each pulse effectively illuminates a section of the fiber and the back scattering of that section of the fiber can be detected by the detector. In certain embodiments, the lengths of the longitudinal detection portions of the fiber are determined by the duration, or width of the pulse or optical pulses being used to interrogate the fiber. Essentially, scattering caused by light in the middle of the pulse will hit the detector at the same time as the light coming from other parts of the fiber illuminated by anterior or posterior pulse bits.
    [0013] Thus, the optical source can be configured to interrogate the optical fiber with pulses of optical radiation of the first duration and also interrogate the optical fiber with pulses of optical radiation of the second duration. By changing the duration of the optical radiation pulse, the spatial resolution of the sensor, that is, the length of the fiber detection portions, can be varied.
    [0014] In an acoustic sensor distributed as described in GB2.442.745, pairs of pulses are used for each interrogation, with the frequency difference between each pulse in a pair. In certain distributed detection arrays then pairs of pulses are used, and the relative phases of back-scattered light from each of a pair of pulses can be used to provide detected data. In such embodiments, the length of the longitudinal detection portions of the fiber is related to the separation between pulses in an interrogation pair.
    [0015] Therefore, in embodiments of the invention, the optical source is configured to interrogate the optical fiber with pairs of pulses of optical radiation with a defined temporal separation, and in which the interrogation is performed with pairs of pulses from a first temporal separation and also with pairs of pulses from a second temporal separation. In such
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 9/34 / 23 modalities, the variation in temporal separation effects the variation in spatial resolution.
    [0016] A frequency difference is typically imposed on the pulses in each pair to facilitate the detection and processing of signal returns. The pulses in the pair will be of finite duration, and the temporal separation is preferably defined as the separation between leading edges or, alternatively, between the center of the pulses, for example. Designing an appropriate waveform for a pair of interrogation pulses involves considering a number of factors, such as brand space ratio, total energy, extinction ratio and frequency overlap, for example. Therefore, in varying the pulse separation, other factors, such as pulse width, can also be varied.
    [0017] The optical source can be arranged to launch one or more pulses of a first duration and / or separation on the optical fiber to perform one or more interrogations of the fiber and then subsequently launch one or more pulses of a second duration and / or separation on the fiber to perform one or more subsequent interrogations of the fiber.
    [0018] In other words, the sensor can perform a first measurement or series of measurements at a first spatial resolution, and then subsequently perform a second measurement or series of measurements at a second spatial resolution. Thus, the sensor provides a first spatial resolution at a first time and a second spatial resolution at a later time. The device can be arranged to change the pulse duration periodically, for example, the sensor can be configured to use a first spatial resolution for a certain number of measurements or a certain duration and then use a second spatial resolution for another number of measurements or amount of time. Additionally, or alternatively, the sensor can be configured to change the spatial resolution in response to a detected event. For example, the sensor may have
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 10/34 / 23 a standard spatial resolution, or a standard routine for changing the spatial resolution, which is used in normal operation. If a particular event is detected (which could simply be any detection above a certain threshold or would involve detecting a particular characteristic signal) the spatial resolution can be changed to a new spatial resolution or a new pattern of varying spatial resolution.
    [0019] For example, a distributed acoustic sensor can be used with a standard spatial resolution of say 10 m. If an acoustic signal is detected in one of the 10 m longitudinal detection portions, the sensor can switch to a spatial resolution that is less than 10 m in order to achieve a better spatial sensitivity, which can allow the source of the acoustic signals are more precisely identified and located. Alternatively, the sensor can quickly perform a series of measurements over a range of different spatial resolutions. An acoustic source can produce a characteristic signal that is apparent at one spatial resolution, but not at another and / or comparing the response over a range of spatial resolutions can allow a source to be classified more precisely. If the sensor has to change the spatial resolution in response to a detected event, the sensor can be arranged to process only the returns of longitudinal detection portions of the fiber in the vicinity of the detected event. The move to a spatial resolution that is much less than the standard spatial resolution could increase the amount of processing required if the returns for the entire detection fiber are to be analyzed. The largest processing header can be avoided by focusing only on one section of the optical fiber of interest.
    [0020] In some embodiments, an optical source can interrogate the optical fiber using one or more pulses of optical radiation with a first duration and / or separation and one or more pulses of optical radiation with a
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 11/34 / 23 second duration and / or separation in which the pulses of optical radiation with a first duration and / or separation have an optical characteristic different from the pulses of the second duration and / or separation. The optical characteristic can be the difference in frequency between pulses in a group of interrogation pulses and / or the pulse wavelength. The optical characteristic allows the interrogation signals that give rise to different spatial resolutions to exist in the fiber simultaneously, but that their outputs are distinct and separated in the processor.
    [0021] Where a single pair of interrogation pulses have to be used, the optical source can therefore be configured to provide pulses of a first wavelength with a first duration and pulses of a second duration with a second wavelength. In this way, Rayleigh's back-scattered radiation from each of the pulses could be separated by wavelength division. Thus, the fiber can be interrogated at a spatial resolution at the same time that the fiber is also being interrogated at a different spatial resolution.
    [0022] Where pairs of pulses are used, as described in GB 2,442,745, the frequency difference between pairs of pulses can be varied between successive pairs of pulses in such a way that each pair of pulses results in a unique carrier frequency . As described in GB 2,442,745, this allows more than one pair of pulses to propagate within the fiber at the same time to provide separate interrogations. GB 2,442,745 however does not prescribe that the separation or duration of the pulses in pairs of separate pulses can be varied to provide different spatial resolutions. Again, wavelength division techniques can also be used to separate returns from different pairs of pulses.
    [0023] In this way, the sensor fiber can be simultaneously interrogated for a first spatial resolution and a second spatial resolution.
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 12/34 / 23 [0024] Again, there may be a standard spatial resolution used for general monitoring. For example, a simple spatial resolution can be used unless and until an event of interest is detected, at which point the sensor can start interrogating simultaneously one or more other spatial frequencies, or with a particular pattern of varying spatial frequency, at in order to classify and / or locate the source of the disturbance. Again, note that the processing header involved in analyzing the signals from many longitudinal detection portions can be significant. Thus, while it may be possible to monitor the fiber length at a resolution of 1 m, say, it may be preferred to monitor in a 10 m pattern to detect any disturbance and, if a disturbance is detected, use pulses of a shorter duration, but only analyze the relevant section of interest. In one mode, the optical source can, in normal operation, transmit pulses of different duration to allow simultaneous use of different spatial resolutions. However, the processor can be arranged to process only the returns corresponding to a higher spatial resolution until an event of interest is detected. At this point, the relevant pulse returns corresponding to lower spatial resolution can also be processed. This avoids any delay in instructing an optical source to produce pulses at a shorter wavelength and any delay in flight time. Certainly, the data corresponding to the pulse returns that provide the lowest spatial resolution can be stored, at least for a short time, in such a way that, if an event is detected in the highest spatial resolution, the contemporary returns stored for the lowest spatial resolution can be processed.
    [0025] Although the optical radiation transmitted by an optical source can therefore physically define the spatial resolution obtainable from the sensor, the processor must also be configured to process the signal returns
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 13/34 / 23 in appropriate analysis boxes. Therefore, the processor is preferably configured to effect a plurality of longitudinal fiber detection portions of an appropriate length, that is, they correspond to the spatial resolution, or at least one of the possible spatial resolutions, defined by the interrogation radiation. The processor can be arranged to change the time analysis boxes used in processing the data in response to changes in interrogation optical radiation.
    [0026] The processor can be arranged to average the data from a section of the fiber that is larger than the minimum obtainable longitudinal detection portions of the optical fiber. For example, if the optical radiation used to interrogate the optical fiber is such that the fiber can be resolved into discrete 5 m fiber sections, the processor can however be arranged to provide only measurements that correspond to fiber lengths of 15 m. In effect, the processor is just adding or computing the average of the data from three adjacent longitudinal detection portions of fiber. The processor could also be configured to provide measurements that intend to match fiber lengths less than the spatial resolution obtainable, although it is realized that this simply corresponds to displaying the data in a different way and does not actually increase the accuracy of the sensor. Although a change in the reporting resolution of the data can therefore be implemented by the processor without any change in interrogation radiation, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus operable with at least two different spatial resolutions of the sensor, that is, the minimum lengths obtainable of each discrete detection portion.
    [0027] The processor (or another processor) can be arranged to analyze the signal returns from each of the longitudinal detection portions to detect events of interest. Detect an event
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. The interest may comprise identifying a predetermined characteristic of the event in the measurement signals from one or more longitudinal detection portions of the optical fiber. For example, a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor can compare the measurement signals, that is, the detected acoustic signals, from each longitudinal detection portion, or groups of adjacent longitudinal detection portions, with an acoustic signature of an event of interest. . If the measured signal matches or is sufficiently similar to the acoustic signature of the particular event of interest, this can be considered a detection of the particular event of interest.
    [0028] This analysis may vary depending on the spatial resolution of the sensor. For example, a feature that is detected in a single longitudinal detection portion at a higher spatial resolution may be detectable in more than one longitudinal detection portion adjacent to a lower spatial resolution. Therefore, the predetermined characteristic of an event of interest can have a spatial element in it.
    [0029] Preferably, the sensor is a distributed acoustic sensor (DAS). The detector can therefore be configured to detect radiation that has undergone Rayleigh backscattering from within the optical fiber. Preferably, the processor is adapted to process the detected backscattered radiation to derive an acoustic measurement from each of the longitudinal detection portions. The processor can be adapted to perform a method as described in GB 2,442,745.
    [0030] The present invention also applies to a distributed optical fiber detection method. Thus, according to another aspect of the invention, a method of detection by distributed optical fiber is provided comprising the steps of interrogating an optical fiber with optical radiation, detecting optical radiation that is backscattered by the optical fiber and processing data corresponding to said backscattered radiation detected to provide a measurement signal from each of a plurality of portions of
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 15/34 / 23 longitudinal detection of said optical fiber in which the method comprises providing said measurements at a first spatial resolution and a different second spatial resolution.
    [0031] The method of this aspect of the present invention offers exactly the same advantages and can be used in exactly the same modalities described above with respect to the first aspect of the invention.
    [0032] In particular, the step of interrogating the optical fiber with optical radiation may comprise launching one or more pulses of optical radiation with a first duration and / or separation on said optical fiber and launching one or more pulses of optical radiation with a second different duration and / or separation in said optical fiber. As previously explained, the different waveforms described by a duration and / or separation of the respective question marks give rise to different spatial resolutions.
    [0033] The method may comprise launching a first interrogation waveform that gives rise to a first spatial resolution and launching a second interrogation waveform that gives rise to a second spatial resolution in which said first and second waveforms have a different optical characteristic. The optical characteristic can be difference in wavelength and / or frequency between the pulses in the pair.
    [0034] The method may comprise providing measurements at the first spatial resolution and then subsequently providing measurements at the second spatial resolution.
    [0035] The method may comprise changing the spatial resolution of the sensor in a predetermined pattern. Additionally, or alternatively, the method may involve changing the spatial resolution in response to the detection of an event.
    [0036] The method may comprise providing said measurements in the second spatial resolution only for a portion of the fiber in the vicinity of a detected event.
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 16/34 / 23 [0037] The method can comprise providing measurements in the first spatial resolution simultaneously with measurements in the second spatial resolution.
    [0038] The method may comprise varying the size of analysis boxes used by the processor to match the spatial resolution of the interrogation radiation.
    [0039] The invention extends to methods, apparatus and / or use in the manner substantially described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    [0040] Any feature in one aspect of the invention can be applied to other aspects of the invention, in any appropriate combination. In particular, aspects of methods can be applied to aspects of apparatus, and vice versa.
    [0041] In addition, features implemented in hardware can generally be implemented in software, and vice versa. Any reference to software and hardware resources here should be interpreted in this way.
    [0042] Preferred features of the present invention will now be described, purely by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    [0043] Figure 1 illustrates the basic components of a distributed fiber optic sensor.
    [0044] Figure 2 illustrates a series of interrogation pulses according to an embodiment of the invention.
    [0045] Figure 3 illustrates a series of interrogation pulses according to another embodiment of the invention.
    [0046] Figure 4 illustrates a section of detection fiber and the division of the fiber into longitudinal detection portions in two different spatial resolutions.
    [0047] Figure 5 illustrates a series of interrogation pulses according to another embodiment of the invention.
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 17/34 / 23 [0048] Figure 1 shows a schematic of an optical fiber distributed detection arrangement. A length of detection fiber 104 is connected at one end to an interrogator 106. The output of the interrogator 106 is passed to a signal processor 108, which can be colocalized with the interrogator, or can be remote from it, and optionally an interface of user / graphical display 110, which in practice can be performed by a properly specified PC. The user interface can be colocalized with the signal processor, or it can be remote from it.
    [0049] Detection fiber 104 can be many kilometers long and, in this example, is approximately 40 km long. The detection fiber is a standard unmodified single-mode optical fiber such as those routinely used in telecommunications applications. In conventional applications of distributed fiber optic sensors, the detection fiber is contained at least partially in a medium to be monitored. For example, fiber 104 can be buried in the ground to provide monitoring of a perimeter or monitoring of a buried item such as a pipe or the like.
    [0050] The invention will be described with respect to a distributed acoustic sensor, although skilled in the art, they realize that the precept can be generally applicable to any type of distributed optical fiber sensor.
    [0051] In operation, interrogator 106 releases electromagnetic interrogation radiation, which can, for example, comprise a series of optical pulses with a selected frequency pattern, on the detection fiber. Optical pulses can have a frequency pattern described in the GB 2,442,745 patent specification whose contents are hereby incorporated by reference. As described in GB 2,442,745, Rayleigh's backscattering phenomenon causes a certain fraction of the light to enter the fiber to be reflected in the interrogator, where it is detected to provide an output signal that is representative of disturbances.
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 18/34 / 23 acoustics in the vicinity of the fiber. The interrogator therefore conveniently comprises at least one laser 112 and at least one optical modulator 114 to produce a plurality of optical pulses separated by a known optical frequency difference. The interrogator also comprises at least one photodetector 116 arranged to detect radiation that is backscattered by the intrinsic dispersion sites within the fiber 104.
    [0052] The signal from the photodetector is processed by signal processor 108. The signal processor conveniently demodulates the returned signal based on the frequency difference between the optical pulses as described in GB 2,442,745. The signal processor can also apply a phase unpacking algorithm as described in GB 2,442,745.
    [0053] The shape of the optical input and the detection method allow a simple continuous fiber to be spatially resolved in discrete longitudinal detection portions. That is, the acoustic signal detected in a detection portion can be provided substantially independent of the signal detected in an adjacent portion.
    [0054] The spatial resolution of the optical fiber detection portions depends largely on the radiation waveform used to interrogate the optical fiber. Here, waveform typically refers to the shape and timing of incoming pulses. As skilled in the art, any pulse of optical radiation illumination of finite duration will mean that a certain spatial length of the fiber is simultaneously illuminated at any given time. Thus, considering certain modalities, radiation that is received at the detector at any given time will comprise radiation that has been backscattered from slightly different parts of the fiber by different parts of the interrogation pulse. Clearly, the detector's response speed and sampling speed can effect spatial resolution, but in a
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 19/34 / 23 well-adjusted system, spatial resolution is effectively based on pulse duration in such modalities.
    [0055] In some of the above arrangements, pairs of temporarily spaced pulses are used to interrogate a fiber under test. In this approach, detection and processing are typically performed by interfering light that has passed through a given fiber section - whose section is defined by the separation of pulses - with light that has not passed. Phase changes detected between the interfered light provide information regarding disturbances of the given fiber section. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the sensor, that is, the length of each longitudinal detection portion, depends on the separation of the optical pulses.
    [0056] The choice of interrogation waveform and, consequently, spatial resolution of the fiber, may depend on numerous factors. Clearly, the intended application can influence the choice of spatial resolution. If the application is to detect events on a very large scale, a relatively large spatial detection length may be acceptable. However, for other applications, there may be a range of suitable spatial resolutions. Distributed acoustic sensors can be used as intrusion detection systems, for example, to protect edges or perimeters or to detect potential interference with a pipe. Distributed acoustic sensors can also be used for flow monitoring and / or condition monitoring in relation to piping or other flow lines or for condition monitoring for various buildings or structures.
    [0057] The choice of spatial resolution also represents a balance between sensitivity and noise and also the length of fiber that can be used as a detection fiber. The use of larger fiber detection portions then means that each detection portion can be more sensitive - since there is more fiber to detect an acoustic disturbance
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 20/34 / 23 incident. However, the larger the fiber detection portion, the greater the amount of noise. If the spatial size of the longitudinal detection portions is too large, the additional sensitivity gains can be shifted, as the acoustic signal can be attenuated towards the end of the detection portion and the additional noise can dominate. However, a very small detection portion may display only a relatively small signal. In addition, the use of small detection portions can increase the overall number of effective sensors. This can significantly increase the processing header in determining the acoustic characteristics of some signals of interest.
    [0058] The range of the sensor, or fiber length, that can be interrogated is also related to the duration of the interrogation pulses. As can be seen, the radiation that is backscattered by any portion of the optical fiber must make it in the detector so that the sensor can detect the influence of acoustic disturbances on the fiber portion. Clearly, the optical fiber will exhibit a certain attenuation (part of the attenuation is attributed to the Rayleigh dispersion processes of heterogeneities in the fiber) and thus the backscattered radiation will be attenuated as it travels through the fiber. The greater the fiber range for a given detection portion, the greater the amount of optical fiber to be traversed to reach the detector and, consequently, the greater the attenuation of backscattering. For a given degree of backscattering there will be a range beyond which the attenuation on the return trip to the detector is very large and no usable signal can be achieved. The total back scattered radiation by the detection portion is related to the intensity of the interrogation radiation and the pulse duration (a larger pulse gives more opportunity for back scattering).
    [0059] As skilled in the art, for a distributed acoustic sensor based on Rayleigh backscattering,
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 21/34 / 23 interrogation must be below a non-linear threshold for the optical fiber and thus there is a limit to the optical power that can be transmitted on the fiber. Therefore, for a fixed intensity of illumination radiation, the degree of back scattering is related to the duration of the illumination pulse. [0060] Considering all these factors, it was observed that the spatial resolution of the order of 8 -12 m is particularly suitable for many applications of distributed acoustic sensors. This spatial resolution allows up to 50 km or more of standard telecommunications fiber to be used as a detection fiber and provides a good balance of noise and sensitivity. In addition, for many intrusion detection events and / or condition monitoring events, a spatial resolution of 8-12 m is adequate for the expected signals of interest and does not represent an excessive processing header. A range of 8 - 12 m as this represents a particularly suitable spatial resolution is an unprecedented recognition. [0061] In some application, however, such as downhole applications, lower spatial resolution may be appropriate. For example, downhole application, a spatial resolution in the order of a few tenths of an inch may be preferable. On scales in the order of a few kilometers, that is, the depth of boreholes, a spatial resolution like this may be acceptable.
    [0062] The present invention relates to a distributed optical fiber sensor, especially a distributed acoustic sensor operable in at least two different spatial resolutions. This can allow additional information about a source of acoustic disturbances to be detected, or it can allow different parts of a fiber to be monitored using different spatial resolutions.
    [0063] In a first embodiment of the present invention, therefore, the optical source of the interrogator, i.e. laser 116 and modulator 114, can be arranged to produce both a series of pulses of a first duration
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 22/34 / 23 as a series of pulses of a second duration. Referring to figure 2, the output of the laser and modulator is shown.
    [0064] The output of modulator 114 is a series of pulses 201, each with a first duration. The time between pulses can be arranged in such a way that any backscattering of a pulse is detected before the next pulse is launched into the fiber.
    [0065] The detector receives the back-scattered radiation through the fiber and, in processing the data, the processor divides the data into n analysis boxes, each of which has a spatial extension that is suitable for the first pulse t1. The processor therefore provides an acoustic measurement signal from each of a plurality of fiber detection portions, with a first spatial resolution, say 10 m.
    [0066] After producing one or more pulses 201 with a first duration meanwhile the laser 112 and modulator 114 produce one or more pulses 202 with a different duration t2. Outside the duration of each pulse, all other features of the pulse can be unchanged. The duration of the pulses can be controlled by controlling the laser 112 to produce pulses of a different duration, or the modulator 114 or the additional optical modulator (not shown) could be used, as is understood by those skilled in the art.
    [0067] As illustrated, the pulses of the second duration have a shorter duration for each pulse and thus allow for less spatial resolution.
    [0068] The moment the laser and modulator start producing the pulses of the second duration, the processor changes the size of the analysis boxes and thus produces a series of measurement signals from each of a plurality of fiber measurement portions with a different lower spatial resolution, say 2 m, for example.
    [0069] Referring to figure 3, the waveforms for a modality in which pairs of pulses are generated are illustrated. The output of
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 23/34 / 23 modulator 114 is a pair of pulses 301 with a δ1 separation. Each pulse in the pair is of the same duration, but each pulse has a different frequency to provide a known frequency difference. This is followed by another pair of pulses a short time later.
    [0070] The time between pairs of pulses can be arranged in such a way that any backscattering of the first pair of pulses is detected before the next pair of pulses is launched on the fiber, in which case each pair of pulses can be identical to the pair of anterior pulses. Alternatively, as described in GB2.442.745, pulse pairs can be launched in such a way that more than one pair of pulses are propagating on the fiber at any one time, in which case the pulse pair is arranged to have a different frequency difference .
    [0071] The detector receives the radiation backscattered by the fiber and the processor demodulates the radiation detected in the frequency difference of the pair of pulses, as described in GB2.442.745. In processing the data, the processor divides the data into n analysis boxes, each of which has a spatial extension that is appropriate for the first separation pulse pairs δ. The processor therefore provides an acoustic measurement signal from each of a plurality of fiber detection portions, with a first spatial resolution, say 10 m.
    [0072] After producing a series of pairs of pulses 301 with a first separation meanwhile the laser 112 and modulator 114 produce one or more pairs of pulses 302 with a different separation δ2. The duration of individual pulses in each of pairs 302 may be the same as in pairs 301, however, in the balance of several factors, such as total energy and frequency separation, the duration of individual pulses may also be different. As shown in figure 3, the pulse pairs 302 of the second separation have a shorter duration for each pulse.
    [0073] The moment the laser and modulator start to produce
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 24/34 / 23 the pulse pairs of the second separation, the processor changes the size of the analysis boxes and thus produces a series of measurement signals coming from each of a plurality of measurement portions of the fiber with a different smaller spatial resolution , say 2 m, for example.
    [0074] In this way, the sensor can switch between a first spatial resolution and a second spatial resolution. Figure 4 illustrates an optical fiber 104 and indicates how the fiber is divided into detection portions in the first spatial resolution 401 and the division of the fiber in the second spatial resolution.
    [0075] The sensor can be arranged to switch between different spatial resolutions in a predetermined pattern. For example, the sensor can interrogate the fiber with a number of pairs of pulses of the first duration followed by a number of pairs of pulses of the second duration. Alternatively, the sensor can operate at the first spatial resolution as a standard spatial resolution. If an acoustic event above a certain threshold and / or matching a certain characteristic is detected in the signals of any one or more of the fiber detection portions, the sensor can switch to a second spatial resolution.
    [0076] As is clear from the above, a second spatial resolution potentially provides many more discrete fiber detection portions and thus can result in a significant processing header. In some embodiments, therefore, the processor can be arranged to provide measurement signals from only the longitudinal detection portions in the vicinity of the detected event.
    [0077] Figure 4 illustrates an acoustic event that occurs at position A. The acoustic waves will be detected by fiber 104. Graph 403 shows a histogram representing the average intensity of the acoustic signal for each of the fiber detection portions in the first resolution space. It can be seen that a relatively large disturbance is detected in the portion of
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 25/34 / 23 relevant detection 405. The processor can then switch to a second spatial resolution, but only process the signals that correspond to the detection portions of the second spatial resolution in the vicinity of the 405 fiber section. Graph 404 shows a histogram of the acoustic signal for each of the detection portions processed in the second spatial resolution.
    [0078] It can be seen that, in the second spatial resolution, the location of the acoustic event along the fiber can be more clearly determined. Additionally, the analysis of the evolution of the acoustic signal in one or more of these detection portions can reveal a characteristic signature that can be used to classify the event, that is, to identify the type of event that would produce an acoustic response like this. This can allow the processor to determine whether the acoustic event is an event of interest, for example, indicative of an intruder or faulty conditions and thus an automatic alarm must be generated.
    [0079] As shown in figure 2, the interrogator can switch between different interrogation waveforms and, consequently, between spatial resolutions both in response to the event and as part of an established pattern. In another mode, however, two spatial resolutions can be performed simultaneously on the same fiber.
    [0080] Figure 5 shows the output of an interrogator according to this embodiment of the invention. A first pair of pulses 501 with a first duration is transmitted on the fiber as previously described. The pulses in the first pair of pulses have frequencies f1 and f2, respectively. Immediately after the first pair of pulses is transmitted, a second pair of pulses 502 is transmitted. The pulse in the second pair of pulses has a different separation and, optionally, different duration as well and has frequencies f3 and f4, respectively. The frequencies are chosen in such a way that f2 - f1 is not equal to any of f1, f2, f3 or f4 or f4, f3. Similarly f4 - f3 is not equal to f1, f2, f3 or f4. As described in GB
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 26/34 / 23
    2,442,745, this arrangement can allow the two pairs of pulses to be transmitted almost simultaneously in the fiber (certainly, in a different device, they could be simultaneous) but the response of each one to be demodulated separately. In this way, signal returns to a first spatial resolution can be processed and also signal returns to a second spatial resolution can be processed to provide two simultaneous spatial resolutions.
    [0081] The processor can provide measurement signals in both spatial resolutions for the entire fiber and can use the signals in both spatial resolutions to detect events of interest. Alternatively, measurement signals at one of the spatial resolutions can be produced for only part of the optical fiber. For example, imagine that the optical fiber is deployed along the length of the buried pipe to detect interference with the pipe and / or condition monitoring. For most piping, a 0 m spatial resolution or the like may be acceptable and provides optimal monitoring. For some areas, however, there may be other machinery or parts of the pipeline prone to particular tension, it may be desired to have a sensor with a spatial resolution of the order of 1 m. In this embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber can be interrogated with pulses of 1 m and pulses of 10 m. The returns from the 10 m pulses would be used for most of the piping, but the 1 m pulses would be used for the sensitive portions.
    [0082] Additionally, or alternatively, the pulses of lower resolution could be transmitted, but the unprocessed returns to at least one section of the fiber until an event is detected. At which point the appropriate detection portions could be analyzed in a similar way to the one described above with respect to figure 3.
    [0083] Anyway, the different spatial resolutions provided by the sensor can be predetermined, for example, they can have
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 27/34 / 23 a standard resolution of say 10 m and a fine resolution of say 1 m. In some modalities, however, the spatial resolution can be determined in response to the detected signals. For example, the processor can analyze the signals at a first spatial resolution and, based on that analysis, choose the spatial resolution to apply in the future.
    [0084] It is certainly clear from the discussion presented that, depending on where the event occurs in the optical fiber, and the overall fiber length, changing the spatial resolution can vary the general range of the sensor. Therefore, for parts of the optical fiber that are towards the maximum range of the sensor at the particular spatial resolution, it may not be possible to reduce the spatial resolution to a shorter length and still receive usable signals. However, the use of two or more different spatial resolutions can still be beneficial for those parts of the fiber that are within the effective range in both resolutions. The processor can be programmed with a series of cutting ranges to vary the spatial resolution of certain parts of the fiber, that is, a list of the shortest spatial resolution usable if an event of interest occurs within a certain range.
    [0085] Each feature disclosed in the description and, where appropriate, the claims and drawings can be provided independently or in any appropriate combination.
    权利要求:
    Claims (26)
    [1]
    1. Distributed optical fiber sensor, comprising an optical source (112, 114) configured to interrogate an optical fiber (104) with optical radiation, a detector (116) configured to detect back-scattered optical radiation from within the fiber and a processor (108 ) configured to process the retrodispersed radiation detected to provide a plurality of longitudinal fiber detection portions, characterized by the fact that the optical source is configured to launch one or more pulses (201; 301; 501) making a first spatial resolution within the optical fiber to perform one or more interrogations of the fiber and to launch one or more pulses (202; 302; 502) performing a second different spatial resolution within the fiber to perform one or more different interrogations of the fiber and in which the processor is adapted to process the retrodispersed radiation detected in the first spatial resolution and the second spatial resolution, respectively you.
    [2]
    2. Distributed optical fiber sensor, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the optical source is configured to interrogate the optical fiber with pulses (201) of optical radiation of a first duration and also interrogate the optical fiber with pulses (202) of optical radiation of a different second duration, the different durations effecting the different spatial resolutions.
    [3]
    3. Distributed optical fiber sensor, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the optical source is configured to interrogate the optical fiber with pairs of optical radiation pulses with a defined temporal separation, and in which interrogation is performed with pairs of pulses (301) from a first temporal separation and also with pairs of pulses (302) from a different second temporal separation, the different separations producing the different spatial resolutions.
    [4]
    4. Distributed fiber optic sensor, according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the optical source is
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 29/34
    2/5 configured to launch the one or more pulses that effect the first spatial resolution on the optical fiber to perform one or more interrogations of the fiber and then subsequently launch the one or more pulses that effect the different second spatial resolution on the fiber to perform the one or more subsequent interrogations of the fiber.
    [5]
    5. Fiber optic distributed sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sensor is adapted to perform a first measurement or series of measurements at the first spatial resolution, and then subsequently perform a second measurement or series of measurements in the second spatial resolution.
    [6]
    6. Fiber optic distributed sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the sensor is configured to periodically vary the spatial resolution of the sensor.
    [7]
    7. Distributed fiber optic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the sensor is configured to change the spatial resolution of the sensor in response to a detected event.
    [8]
    8. Fiber optic distributed sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the one or more pulses (501) carrying out the first spatial resolution has an optical characteristic different from the one or more pulses (502) performing the second spatial resolution.
    [9]
    9. Fiber optic distributed sensor according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the optical characteristic comprises one of a frequency difference between pulses in a group of interrogation pulses and the wavelength of the pulses.
    [10]
    10. Fiber optic distributed sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sensor provides both the first spatial resolution and the second spatial resolution simultaneously.
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 30/34
    3/5
    [11]
    11. Distributed optical fiber sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the processor (108) is configured to provide a plurality of longitudinal fiber detection portions with a length that matches the resolution space provided by interrogation radiation.
    [12]
    12. Fiber optic distributed sensor, according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the processor (108) is configured to change time analysis boxes used in data processing in response to changes in interrogation optical radiation.
    [13]
    13. Distributed optical fiber sensor, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the processor (108) is arranged to analyze the measurement signals coming from each of the longitudinal detection portions to detect events of interest.
    [14]
    14. Distributed optical fiber sensor, according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the processor is arranged to vary the analysis depending on the spatial resolution of the measurement signals.
    [15]
    15. Distributed optical fiber sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the sensor is a distributed acoustic sensor.
    [16]
    16. Distributed fiber optic sensor, according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that the detector is configured to detect radiation that is Rayleigh backscatter from within the optical fiber.
    [17]
    17. Distributed optical fiber detection method, comprising the steps of interrogating an optical fiber (104) with optical radiation, detecting optical radiation that is backscattered by the optical fiber and processing data corresponding to the detected backscattered radiation to provide a measurement signal from each of a plurality of longitudinal detection portions of said optical fiber, the method characterized by the fact that it comprises launching one or more pulses (201; 301; 501) of
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 31/34
    4/5 optical radiation performing a first spatial resolution within the optical fiber to perform one or more interrogations of the fiber and launching one or more pulses (202; 302; 502) performing a different second spatial resolution within the fiber to perform one or more interrogations different from the fiber and in which the processor is adapted to process the backscattered radiation detected in the first spatial resolution and the second spatial resolution, respectively.
    [18]
    18. Detection method by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the one or more pulses of optical radiation carrying out the first spatial resolution has a first duration and / or separation and the one or more pulses of optical radiation effecting the second spatial resolution has a different second duration and / or separation.
    [19]
    19. Detection method by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that it comprises launching one or more pairs of pulses (201) with a first duration and launching one or more pairs of pulses (202) with a second duration, in which the pairs of pulses with the first duration have a different optical characteristic from the pairs of pulses with the second duration.
    [20]
    20. Method of detection by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that the optical characteristic comprises difference in wavelength and / or frequency between the pulses in the pair.
    [21]
    21. Method of detection by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that it comprises providing measurements in the first spatial resolution and then subsequently providing measurements in the second spatial resolution.
    [22]
    22. Detection method by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that it comprises changing the
    Petition 870190089738, of 10/09/2019, p. 32/34
    5/5 spatial resolution of the sensor in a predetermined pattern.
    [23]
    23. Detection method by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that it comprises the step of changing the spatial resolution in response to the detection of an event.
    [24]
    24. Detection method by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 23, characterized by the fact that it comprises providing the measurements in the second spatial resolution only for a portion of the fiber in the vicinity of a detected event.
    [25]
    25. Detection method by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that it comprises providing measurements in the first spatial resolution simultaneously with measurements in the second spatial resolution.
    [26]
    26. Detection method by distributed optical fiber, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that it comprises varying the size of analysis boxes used by the processor to match the spatial resolution of the interrogation radiation.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EA022899B1|2016-03-31|
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    US20120230628A1|2012-09-13|
    AU2010317703A1|2012-07-05|
    EA201290327A1|2012-12-28|
    BR112012011225A2|2018-04-03|
    AU2010317703B2|2014-06-19|
    EP2499466A2|2012-09-19|
    US8923663B2|2014-12-30|
    WO2011058322A2|2011-05-19|
    CN102292621A|2011-12-21|
    GB0919906D0|2009-12-30|
    EP2499466B1|2014-02-12|
    AU2010317703C1|2015-02-12|
    CA2780610A1|2011-05-19|
    CA2780610C|2017-12-19|
    WO2011058322A3|2011-07-28|
    BR112012011225B8|2020-02-04|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-07-16| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-03| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-01-21| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/11/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2020-02-04| B16C| Correction of notification of the grant [chapter 16.3 patent gazette]|Free format text: REF. RPI 2559 DE 21/01/2020 QUANTO AO ENDERECO. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GBGB0919906.8A|GB0919906D0|2009-11-13|2009-11-13|Improvements to distributed fibre optic sensing|
    PCT/GB2010/002087|WO2011058322A2|2009-11-13|2010-11-12|Improvements in distributed fibre optic sensing|
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